| Rule or approach |
Which countries' constitutions? |
| Mention in preamble |
Eritrea |
| no unfair discrimination on grounds of sex |
South Africa, Ghana, Quebec, Eritrea, Thailand, Fiji, Uganda, Namibia, Portugal |
| or pregnancy |
South Africa, Quebec |
| must be legislation |
South Africa, Ghana, Eritrea |
| freedom of speech does not extend to advocacy of hatred on basis of gender |
South Africa |
| General statement that laws, cultures, customs or traditions against dignity welfare or interests of women prohibited |
Uganda |
| Female representation in legislature |
Uganda |
| aim at gender balance in judiciary |
South Africa, Fiji |
| and other public bodies |
South Africa, Ghana, Uganda |
| gender neutral language used in Constitution |
South Africa, Fiji, Uganda (generally) |
| general care for pregnant women |
Brazil, Namibia, Portugal |
| maternity leave |
Ghana, Portugal |
| paternity leave |
Brazil |
| pre-school care (specifically to benefit women) |
Ghana |
| equality in training |
Ghana |
| equal eligibility of spouses for citizenship |
Ghana, Uganda |
| child of male or female citizen is citizen |
Ghana, Eritrea, Uganda |
| Any act that violates the human rights of women or limits or otherwise thwarts their role and participation is prohibited |
Eritrea |
| Equal rights to found family |
Eritrea, Uganda, Namibia |
| Equal rights in family |
Eritrea, Brazil, Uganda, Namibia |
| Equal rights on dissolution |
Uganda, Namibia |
| Affirmative action possible |
Quebec, Thailand, Uganda, Namibia |
| Separate detention for prisoners etc |
Quebec |
| State must promote equality |
Thailand |
| Protection in work |
Thailand |
| Equal right to work |
Portugal |
| Promotion of work opportunities |
Brazil |
| Earlier retirement for women |
Brazil |
| No military service for women in peace time |
Brazil |
| Equal property rights for squatters (after 5 years) |
Brazil |
